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The surrounding state contains 570 municipalities. Of those, 418 use recognized local forms of government known as usos y costumbres, a state-level fact distinct from the capital's own administration.

Straight central blocks loosen into less regular roads toward the valley edges. Parks and public spaces interrupt the dense core before routes meet rising terrain.

The 2.5 km frame covers Oaxaca de Juarez's historic center, its regular core streets, surrounding development, and the first roads turning with the terrain.

Valley green, adobe brown, and mountain gray place Oaxaca's ordered center within its higher southern Mexican setting.

Geographic details sourced from Wikipedia.